Stationary battery energy storage system

In EU law, an industrial battery with internal storage designed to store energy from and deliver it to the grid or to end users.

Explained in

Battery storage · Stop 02What is inside a stationary battery system?Cells, racks, inverter, cooling, fire protection and controller: the parts of a battery container, and why most stationary systems use LFP.

A stationary battery does not have to be light. That favours LFP cells: they store less energy per kilogram than NMC, but cost less and contain no cobalt. The IEA notes that stationary storage predominantly uses LFP, and that LFP packs were on average more than 40% cheaper per kWh than NMC in 2025, partly because storage needs less energy density.

From “Why LFP dominates”, stop 02
  1. LFPLithium iron phosphate: a lithium-ion chemistry without cobalt, lower in cost, with less energy per kilogram than NMC.
  2. NMCNickel manganese cobalt: a lithium-ion chemistry that stores more energy per kilogram than LFP.
  1. IEA: Global EV Outlook 2026: Electric vehicle batteries. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2026/electric-vehicle-batteries. Checked 09 Oct 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.